每天一个安卓测试开发小知识之（五）---常用的adb shell命令第三期 pm命令第二期

正在检查是否收录...

每天一个安卓测试开发小知识之（五）---常用的adb shell命令第三期 pm命令第二期

上一期我们简单介绍了pm 命令的安装卸载，以及查看已安装的app的功能。本期继续介绍

查看已安装的第三方包

获取app的启动activity

清除应用数据

启用被禁用或者禁用应用/组件

隐藏/展示应用icon

授予应用权限，以及查看app声明的权限

1. 查看已安装的第三方包

包分为设备制造商应用（第一方应用）和第三方应用，例如

手机里的设置、电话、通讯录就属于第一方应用
微信、qq、支付宝就属于第三方应用

adb shell pm list packages 会列出已安装的包名，如何获取到已安装的第三方的包，查看pm命令的帮助可以看到

 list packages [-f] [-d] [-e] [-s] [-q] [-3] [-i] [-l] [-u] [-U] [--show-versioncode] [--apex-only] [--factory-only] [--uid UID] [--user USER_ID] [FILTER] Prints all packages; optionally only those whose name contains the text in FILTER. Options are: -f: see their associated file -a: all known packages (but excluding APEXes) -d: filter to only show disabled packages -e: filter to only show enabled packages -s: filter to only show system packages -3: filter to only show third party packages -i: see the installer for the packages -l: ignored (used for compatibility with older releases) -U: also show the package UID -u: also include uninstalled packages --show-versioncode: also show the version code --apex-only: only show APEX packages --factory-only: only show system packages excluding updates --uid UID: filter to only show packages with the given UID --user USER_ID: only list packages belonging to the given user --match-libraries: include packages that declare static shared and SDK libraries

有很多参数，例如 -f -a -e -s -3 等，具体的参数含义可以自行查看，只在这里起一个抛砖引玉的作用。

-3 查看第三方应用
在这里插入图片描述

2. 获取app的启动activity

在做自动化测试时，经常需要启动应用，可以通过adb命令打开应用的启动activity，或者UI点击app的icon
例如获取小米天气的启动activity

adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2

com.miui.weather2 小米天气的包名，执行命令可以看到很多输出，我们需要重点过滤 android.intent.action.MAIN: 的下一行，来获取启动activity。以linux为例执行以下命令

adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2 | grep -A 2 -B 2 "android.intent.action.MAIN:"

在这里插入图片描述
小米天气的启动activity就是 com.miui.weather2/.ActivityWeatherMain，打开activity的命令就是 adb shell am start 启动activity

执行该命令就会在小米手机上打开天气，am命令将后续进行介绍

3. 清除应用数据

adb shell pm clear packageName 该操作不仅会清除app的全部数据，还会杀死app进程
在这里插入图片描述
同样pm clear命令也有参数

clear [--user USER_ID] [--cache-only] PACKAGE Deletes data associated with a package. Options are: --user: specifies the user for which we need to clear data --cache-only: a flag which tells if we only need to clear cache data

--cache-only 只清除缓存数据，不杀死进程
在这里插入图片描述

4. 启用/禁用应用/组件

4.1 安卓四大组件

4.2 启用被禁用的应用/组件

adb shell pm enable packageName/componentName packageName/componentName 应用/组件

4.3 禁用的应用/组件

adb shell pm disenable packageName/componentName packageName/componentName 应用/组件

5. 隐藏/展示应用icon

adb shell pm hide com.android.settings 隐藏设置的icon 【icon 应用的启动图标】
adb shell pm unhide com.android.settings 显示设置的icon
在这里插入图片描述

6. 授予应用权限

adb shell pm grant perssionName perssionName权限名称
例如授予天气发送通知的权限 android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS
在这里插入图片描述

授予app权限时需要保证app unhide

6.1 如何查询app需要授予哪些权限

adb shell pm dump-package packageName 命令过滤出关键字 permission
例如获取天气应用声明的权限

adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2 | grep -i permission

mi@mi-ThinkCentre-M760t:~$ adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2 | grep -i permission 1ddc1d3 com.miui.weather2/.backup.cloud.WeatherCloudBackupService filter 8ac0110 permission com.xiaomi.permission.CLOUD_MANAGER 1ddc1d3 com.miui.weather2/.backup.cloud.WeatherCloudBackupService filter 8ac0110 permission com.xiaomi.permission.CLOUD_MANAGER Permissions: Permission [com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE] (8f2e443): perm=PermissionInfo{58b4f95 com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE} Permissions: Permission [com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB] (fc9cac0): perm=PermissionInfo{e295c9b com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB} installPermissionsFixed=false declared permissions: com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB: prot=signature com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE: prot=signature requested permissions: android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION miui.permission.USE_INTERNAL_GENERAL_API android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE android.permission.GET_TASKS android.permission.INTERNET com.miui.securitycenter.permission.SYSTEM_PERMISSION_DECLARE android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION com.xiaomi.mihomemanager.permission.receiveNormalBroadcast com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE android.permission.SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB android.permission.VIBRATE com.miui.securitycenter.permission.PERM_USE_INFO android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES android.permission.WAKE_LOCK miui.permission.EXTRA_NETWORK android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION install permissions: android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE: granted=true android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED: granted=true android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE: granted=true android.permission.GET_TASKS: granted=true android.permission.INTERNET: granted=true com.xiaomi.mihomemanager.permission.receiveNormalBroadcast: granted=true com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE: granted=true android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE: granted=true android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE: granted=true com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB: granted=true android.permission.VIBRATE: granted=true com.miui.securitycenter.permission.PERM_USE_INFO: granted=true android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE: granted=true android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES: granted=true android.permission.WAKE_LOCK: granted=true runtime permissions: android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS: granted=true, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED] android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED] android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED] android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED] android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED] android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED|RESTRICTION_UPGRADE_EXEMPT]

会发现有些权限上 granted=false ，对于这些权限就可以通过 adb shell pm grant 命令授予权限，授予完后 granted=true

今天先介绍到这里，每天进步一点点！！